Laser glass is a sort of solid laser material based on glass. It is widely made use of in various kinds of solid-state laser light and has actually become the primary laser material of high power and high energy laser.
a. The features of glass as a laser-working material are as adheres to:
A wide variety of chemical structures as well as making processes can be differed to get many essential properties, such as fluorescence, high thermal stability, low thermal growth coefficient, unfavorable temperature level refraction coefficient, and high optical harmony, in addition to easy availability in a selection of sizes and shapes, and also affordable.
Laser glass is made up of matrix glass and also triggered ions. The physical as well as chemical properties of laser glass are mostly established by the matrix glass, and its spectral properties are mainly determined by the activated ions, however, they are additionally interrelated and affect each other.
b. Kinds of laser glass
Now there are generally silicate laser glass, phosphate laser glass, borate and also borosilicate laser glass, fluorophosphate and fluoride laser glass, silicophosphate laser glass, high neodymium concentration laser glass, and several sorts of, we mostly present silicate laser glass as well as phosphate, borate and also borosilicate laser glass and also high neodymium concentration laser glass these 3 kinds.
c. Qualities of neodymium doped glass
(1) silicate system glass
It has a long fluorescence lifetime, high quantum performance, and a collection of excellent physical as well as chemical properties. If the leaks in the structure is little, the chemical security is good and the mechanical stamina is high, the manufacturing and production procedure is fairly easy as well as mature, it is less complicated to acquire large glass with high optical harmony on the basis of the optical glass manufacturing process. This kind of glass is generally utilized for high energy outcomes as well as high power output laser, and is one of the most extensively made use of laser glass
(2) borate and borosilicate system glass.
The fluorescence lifetime of boron-containing glass is much shorter and also the quantum efficiency is reduced, yet the absorption coefficient of Nd3+ is greater as well as the thermal expansion coefficient is lower. Due to the fact that the limit energy of pulse oscillation is proportional to the fluorescence lifetime, although the fluorescence life of boron glass is short and the absorption coefficient is high, the reduced limit energy can be acquired, which is suitable for a high rep rate pulse laser.
(3) phosphate system glass.
The phosphate-system glass has a brief fluorescence life, slim fluorescence spectrum line, and strong near-infrared absorption of Nd3+, which contributes to the full application of light pump energy. Due to the troubles in the production procedure, such as the severe erosion of the refractory crucible and also poor optical harmony, its large application is limited. Nonetheless, phosphorous salt glass with a low thermo-optical coefficient can be acquired by readjusting the structure of glass, so recently it has actually been utilized in repeating regularity tools
d. Advantages of laser glass.
The chemical structure of glass can be transformed over a large range so that a range of laser glasses with various properties can be prepared, as well as the kinds and amounts of triggered ions integrated are not restricted; It is easy to make plus size laser rod or laser disc, as well as the optical high quality is easy to be ensured. The rate of laser glass is additionally much cheaper than the laser working materials such as crystals
e. Application
Laser glass has the advantages of high optical quality, big volume, large discharge range, solid anti-laser damage ability, simple handling, and also cheap rate. As a solid laser product, laser results with high brightness, high directivity, high grayscale and also high comprehensibility can be obtained.
Hence, it has actually been extensively used in industry, agriculture, natural science as well as an armed force.
Laser glasses for high-power laser gadgets:
Neodymium glass high-power laser device is the main tool for the research of laser fusion, which plays an essential duty in the growth and also research study of new energy and plasma physics.
f. Difference between laser glass and laser crystal
Laser glass and also laser crystal are solid laser working materials. The distinction between both is that the turned-on ions in the glass products are in the disordered strong glass matrix, while the activated ions in the laser crystal products are in the bought solid crystal matrix. Although a lot of the turned-on ions that can produce laser light in glass can produce laser light in crystals, and also the fluorescence device coincides. However, with various substratums, the actions of triggered ions is somewhat different: in glass, it mainly relies on the polarization of the glass medium, while the impact of crystal substrate generally relies on the lattice field, and the spooky attributes are also different. At the same time, the physical and also chemical properties of the substrates themselves are various, that make them suitable for different application functions.
2. Magneto-optical glass
a. Faraday rotating glass
Magnetic useful glass describes a kind of glass in which the polarization aircraft of light rotates forward or in reverse when the glass is positioned in an electromagnetic field.
Magnetically rotating glass, additionally called Faraday rotating glass It is a new clear optical useful material established in current decades. It can rotate the polarization aircraft of a linearly polarized light beam alongside a magnetic field.
The Verdet constant of magneto-optical glass is smaller sized than that of crystal collection, yet it reveals strong vitality in the application of magneto-optical gadgets due to a series of advantages such as great light passage, great optical harmony, affordable price, prominent resources, particularly easy to generate large-size items.
(1) Inverse magnetic glass
In the used magnetic field, the ions with the electron layer framework of the gas program inverted magnetism. The ions that comprise the glass network developing body and also the outer body of the network, such as Si4+, Na+, Ca2+, Ba2+ as well as Pb2+, all have the structure of the loaded electron layer, so they reveal inverted magnetism in the magnetic field.
(2) Paramagnetic glass.
Paramagnetic glass is combined with Ce3+, Pr3++, Nd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+, Er3+, Yb3+, Eu3+ and other paramagnetic ions. Among these rare earth ions, the electrons in the 4f covering are unpaired electrons. Due to the protecting effect of the 5s as well as 5p shell, the control field of the substance has little influence on the inner 4f electrons. Under the activity of electromagnetic field, the electrons are very easy to migrate in between 4fn-4fn-15d, therefore showing strong paramagnetics.
b. Application
Magneto-optical glass is the core material of high-tech intensive products, which is commonly utilized in the modern fields of optics, electricity as well as magnetism. For instance, this product can be made use of to make optical isolators, magneto-optical modulators, magneto-optical attenuators, magneto-optical switches, magneto-optical sensors and various high-precision gyrometers in optical fiber communication.
